On lit partout qu’il faut un VPN en Chine lorsque l’on prépare son premier voyage dans cet immense pays. La première fois que j’ai entendu ce nom, j’étais moi aussi un peu perplexe. Un quoi? Mais pour faire quoi? Je suis pas une pro de l’informatique moi!
En fait utiliser un VPN (Virtual Private Network) n’est pas si compliqué, et c’est même indispensable en Chine.
Les restrictions, l’origine du VPN en Chine
Première chose à savoir sur la Chine: la plupart des réseaux sociaux occidentaux y sont interdits, ainsi que Google.
Qu’est-ce que ça veut dire concrètement?
Baidu VS Google
Déjà, impossible pour toi de faire une recherche sur ton moteur de recherche préféré, Google ne fonctionnera pas. Quand tu ouvres une page internet, un nouveau moteur de recherche t’attends : Baidu.
Baidu est le moteur de recherche de la République Populaire de Chine. Contrôlé par le gouvernement et en grande partie écrit en chinois, tu as peu de chance de trouver les informations dont tu as besoin dessus.
Les applications et sites interdits en Chine
Facebook, Messenger, Instagram, Pinterest, Gmail, Skype, WhatsApp, Snapchat, Youtube, Netflix…
Toutes ces applis sont interdites en Chine. Cela veut dire que tu ne les trouveras pas dans l’App Store une fois en Chine. Et même si tu les as déjà installées sur ton téléphone, elles ne fonctionneront plus (en tout cas plus correctement).
Alors comment faire pour continuer de consulter tes mails sur Gmail, parler à ta famille sur Messenger, poster tes photos sur Insta, regarder un tuto sur Youtube et passer ta soirée sur Netflix tout en étant en Chine?
La solution est simple : le VPN.
Comment fonctionne un VPN?
Un VPN –Virtual Private Network– est une application qui connecte ton appareil (PC, tablette, téléphone) à un serveur choisi.
Sur l’image ci dessous, les serveurs sont les différents pays. Une fois connecté à un serveur à l’étranger ton adresse IP change et le trafic provenant de ton ordinateur semble provenir d’un autre pays.
Concrètement, si j’utilise mon VPN pour me connecter à un serveur français, j’aurai accès à l’internet français et ce même si je suis en Chine. Je pourrais alors utiliser toutes les applications et sites autorisés en France.
Tu l’auras compris, le VPN est la solution pour continuer à avoir une vie un minimum occidentale en Chine.
Les avantages du VPN en Chine ou ailleurs
Mais il y a aussi plusieurs autres atouts à utiliser un VPN:
- Protéger tes informations personnelles lorsque tu utilises la wifi publique
- Accéder à des vols moins chers
- Contourner les limitations imposées par certains sites internet
- Accéder au contenu inaccessible dans ta région (musiques, vidéos,…)
- etc…
Lire plus : Les avantages du VPN
Le VPN en Chine : est-il interdit?
OUI, le VPN est interdit en Chine et ceux qui en utilisent risquent des peines d’emprisonnement.
Cependant, même si j’ai déjà lu des articles de chinois emprisonnés pour avoir utilisé un VPN, cela ne semble pas être le cas pour les occidentaux qui en utilisent un en Chine.
Utiliser un VPN en Chine semble d’ailleurs s’être banalisé pour les étudiants étrangers et les touristes. Lorsque j’étudiais là-bas, tout le monde en avait un dans ma résidence universitaire.
Les auberges de jeunesses chinoises et le VPN en Chine
A ma grande surprise, les auberges de jeunesse chinoises proposent un accès à un VPN incorporé à la Wifi. Attention, c’est uniquement le cas dans les grandes villes chinoises (Beijing, Shanghai, Wi’an, Kunming, Chengdu…) et ce n’est pas systématique.
Pour être sûr, vous pouvez envoyer un mail à l’auberge avant d’y séjourner.
Quand souscrire à un VPN?
Si tu dois aller en Chine, le mieux est de télécharger un VPN AVANT ton voyage.
Les VPN sont en effet interdits en Chine et une fois là-bas, cela devient compliqué d’en télécharger un (sauf si par chance tu connais quelqu’un qui peut t’en procurer un).
Autre solution, squatter une auberge de jeunesse. Elles proposent généralement un accès à un VPN incorporé à la Wifi. Une fois connecté, tu peux avoir accès au téléchargement de VPN dans l’App Store.
Comment choisir son VPN?
Mon expérience avec Express VPN
En 6 mois en Chine, j’ai pu tester deux VPN.
Avant de partir j’avais souscris à Express VPN (payant), et je n’ai pas eu de problème pendant les 3 premiers mois.
Sauf que régulièrement, le gouvernement chinois organise des campagnes pour supprimer les VPN. Je ne suis pas une pro de l’informatique, donc je ne sais pas si c’est une question d’algorithme ou autre. Mais alors qu’on était en novembre, mon VPN et ceux de mes amis se sont mis à ne plus fonctionner.
Le même jour, j’ai reçu un mail d’Express VPN m’indiquant qu’il y avait eu du changement en Chine et que leurs services seraient de nouveau disponibles bientôt .
En attendant, un ami m’avait conseillé de télécharger un VPN gratuit sur l’Apple Store. Je ne pourrais pas vous donner le nom car il était en mandarin. Je me souviens simplement du logo bleu électrique. Il m’a bien dépanné pendant quelques jours, même si des fois il ne voulait pas se connecter.
Express VPN a été super efficace puisque 2 jours après je recevais un mail avec un lien pour télécharger leur nouvelle mise à jour.
Je te recommande donc de prendre Express VPN si tu vas en Chine. J’y ai d’ailleurs de nouveau souscris cette année. Plutôt que de tester d’autres VPN, je préfère me tourner vers une marque que je sais fiable, avec un service client irréprochable.
VPN gratuit ou payant
Tu trouveras sur internet des dizaines de fournisseurs de VPN, gratuits ou bien payant
Je te déconseille personnellement de souscrire à un VPN gratuit.
Un VPN gratuit est peu fiable
Premièrement lorsque je me suis retrouvée à utiliser des VPN gratuits, je n’arrivais pas à me connecter au serveur de mon choix à tous les coups. Et c’est plutôt agaçant de passer 15 minutes chaque jour à attendre que le VPN veuille bien se connecter.
Il est aussi fort probable qu’après une énième restriction du gouvernement chinois, ton VPN gratuit ne fonctionne plus du tout et qu’il faille t’en trouver un autre en urgence, faute de service client pour t’aider.
Un VPN gratuit se finance avec tes données
« Si c’est gratuit ,c’est que vous êtes le produit. »
Il faut savoir que n’importe qui peut créer un VPN puisque le code source original est en open source. En gros, n’importe qui peut y accéder et créer un VPN, puis le proposer gratuitement sur le marché.
Le hic, c’est que le VPN est l’outil parfait pour collecter tes recherches sur internet, récupérer tes logs, tes mots de passe, les fichiers téléchargés et j’en passe.
Comment le VPN gratuit fait-il donc pour se financer?
La première stratégie va consister à vendre tes données, généralement à des agences de marketing. Niveau sécurité et protection de la vie privée, il y a mieux. En téléchargeant un VPN gratuit, on prend quand même le risque de partager des données privées à des inconnus, sans même être au courant.
La seconde est un peu plus éthique et consiste à parsemer tes pages internet de pub. Ce n’est pas la plus agréable, mais c’est le prix à payer pour un VPN gratuit.
Enfin, le problème est qu’il est rare que lorsque tu télécharges un VPN, celui-ci te dise clairement : « nous récoltons vos données pour les vendre », ou « nous ajouterons de la publicité sur vos pages web ».
Tu connais un VPN gratuit et fiable? N’hésites pas à m’en parler en commentaire.
Comment utiliser un VPN?
Une fois que tu as téléchargé ton VPN, il suffit de l’ouvrir, de sélectionner le serveur du pays de ton choix, puis de te connecter. C’es tout simple !
L’alternative au VPN en Chine pour communiquer avec tes proches : Wechat
Wechat est l’équivalent de Facebook pour la Chine. Il te faut absolument cette application pour communiquer avec tes amis chinois, mais aussi les hôtels ou les guides.
Je te recommande de demander également à tes proches d’installer Wechat. Comme ça, même si un jour tu ne peux pas te connecter à un VPN, tu pourras toujours utiliser cette appli pour leur parler !
Toi aussi tu utilises un VPN? Lequel ?
Tu comptes te rendre bientôt en Chine? Consulte mes autres articles pour prévoir ton voyage
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